Jar



M. s. BLAK July 23, 1935.

JAR

Filed Jan. '7.y 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet l July 23, 1935. M. s. BLACK 2,008,743

JAR

M. S. BLACK YJuly 23, 1935.

JAR

Filed Jaim. 7. 1929 s sheets-sheet 3 Patented July 23, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE" JAR Millard Sumter Black,l Huntington Park, Calif., assignor, by mesne assignments, to James A.

Kammerdiner, Los Angeles, Calif. p

Application January 7, 1929, serial Np. 330,921

` 7 claims. (ci. 25a-27A) well tools in general.

In various well tools it is necessary, or advantageous, to provide constructions operable to yield or operate in certain manners under heavy strains or pressures,` such constructions being commonly used in devices in which the heavy strains or pressures 'are suddenly released to perform operations through impact. For example, in jarring tools constructions are provided to receive heavy strains or forces and involve meanswhich yield tothe action of such forces to suddenly release them to/ cause violent jarring or hammering betweenl suitably designed. parts. Various conventional spring arrangements and hydraulic'means have been proposed and used in tools of this character to yield gradually underthe excessive strain in a manner to cause the releasing action at the desired time or when the desired strain has been reached. .Considerable diiiiculty has been e rienced, however, in obtaining spring constru ion which will adequately handle the heavy forces or pressures exerted in this type of equipment.' Further, considerable diillculty has been experienced in tools of the character mentioned due to their general design and construction; for instance, the principal working parts have given trouble due to excessive wear and failure.

It is a general object of the present invention to provide a construction for well'tools operable to yield under heavy strains in a mannerv invention will be best and more fully understood from .the following detailed description of a typical form and application of the invention, lthroughout which description reference .willgbe had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal detailedvsectional view o! a typical well toolembodying the present invention showing vthe parts in an unactuated-position. Fig. 2 is a-viewy similar to Fig. 1 showing.

the parts released or' in operating position. Fig'.

3 is an .enlarged detailed view of a -portion of the construction, being a view taken substantially as indicated by line 33on Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an enlarged detailed transverse sectional view taken as indicated Aby line r4-4 on Fig. 6. Fig. 5 is an enlarged detailed transverse sectional view taken as indicated by line 5-5 on Fig. '1.l Fig. 6 is a side viewy ofthe construction being a view showing the outer part of the tool in section and the inner parts in elevation. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing the parts in the position similar to that shown in Fig. 2. Figs; 6 and '7 illustrate the parts in diierent rotative positions than shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail transverse sectional view takenas indicated by line 8-8 on Fig. 6. Fig.

' 9 is Qan enlarged detail sectional view taken as 9. Fig. 12 is an enlarged top or plan view of one of the jaws. Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the jaw taken as indicated by line I3--I3 on Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is an inside elevation of the upper portion of the key taken as indicated by line i4--l4 on Fig. 12. Fig. 15 is an enlarged plan view of the key and ring, and Fig. 16 is an enlarged side elevation of the key and ring.

Certain features of the present invention are applicable, generally, to variouswell tools while other features of the invention are concerned more particularly with jarring tools such as are generally used in connection with ilshingoperations, thatis, whenfshing lost parts from wells.

In setting forth the invention references will be had to a single well tool which may bev considered a typical embodiment of the invention and which' will serve. to illustrate one manner in which the broader principles of the invention may be practically applied. Throughout the following de- -tail'ed description reference willbe had to a jarring tool and the various features of the invention will-be described as applying to such tool, itfbeing understood that such description is not to be construed as a limitation upon the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

The jarring tool illustratedin the accompanying drawingsis designed to be used in connection with various equipment and tools, for instance,

and is) adapted to `be used between a string ofv drill pipe l0, or the like, and a well tool Il, say, a. fishing tool. The jarring tool provided by the invention is ordinarily inserted between'the drill pipe, I0 and the/F0614 I usedr to engage the sh or part lost in the well.- The present tool is designed to operate to cause upward jarring of the tool Il from the drin pipe lo upon applying an upward strain or pull upon the drill pipe. The jarring action obtained by the present tool is intended to jar the iish or part engaged by the fishing tool I I to dislodge it so. that it can be withdrawn from the Well. The details of the drill pipe III and the, details of the various tools II that may be used in connection with the present device are of no particular concern in the present case, and therefore they have been omitted from the disclosure. 'I'he tool which embodies the present invention includes, generally, an upper or outer section A, a lower or inner section B, jaws C operable through yielding means D to hold the sections A and B against relati movement, and controlfmeans E i'or the jaws 'I'he tool illustrated in the drawings, being intended for use as a jarring tool, has one section adapted to be\ connected with the string of drill pipe I and the other section adapted to be connected with the tool or fishing device II.- Thetwo main parts or sections A and B fit one within kthe other and in the preferred arrangement shown ing for various parts of the tool and is constructed to cooperate with the jaws C, as will be hereinafter described. The coupling I3 is attached to the upper end of the body I2, for instance, it may be screw threaded into the upper end of the body, and is provided with a screw-threaded socket I5 to receive the pin I6 on the lower end of the drill pipe I0. The pin I6 may be the pin on the lowermost tool joint section of the drill pipe. The

jarring member I4 is carried by the lower end of the body I2 and is provided to cooperate with a part of the section B, aswill be hereinafter described. In the construction illustrated the member I4 is slidably carried on a part of the 'section B and screw threads into the lower end of the body I2.

The inner/.section B includes, generally, a stem I1 which extends longitudinally through the body I2 of the section A, an extension I8 on the upper end of the stem cooperating with the coupling I3 of the section A, a head I9 at the lower end of the stem to cooperate with the jarring'member I4, and an extension 20 below the head I9 extending through the jarring member I4 and provided with a threaded part 2| to carry the tool The stemo|1 is an elongate part substantially smaller in diameter than the interior Aof the body I2 ofthe section A and extends centrally through the body I2 so that there is an annular space between it and the body, as shown through the -through the tool.

The extension I8 at the uper end `oi.' the stem slidably-ts packing means 23 provided in the coupling I3 and has a central longitudinal circulation opening 24 to conduct circulating fluidA from the drill pipe I0 to the stem I1. -In the construction shown the exte'nsion I8 is formed separate from the stem I1. being screw threaded to the upper end of the stem, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and v2 of the drawings.

The head I9 at the lower portion of the stem I1 is in the form of an enlargement on' the stem,

presenting an` upwardly facing shoulder 21 and a downwardly facing shoulder 26. The downwardly facing shoulder 26 isadapted to cooperate with the upwardly facing shoulder 21 of the jarring member I4 of the section A. In Fig. 1 of thel drawings these parts are shown separated or in the unactuated position, whereas in Fig. 2 the parts are shown in active position with the shoulders 26 and 21 in cooperative engagement. The lower extension 20 of the section B projects downwardly from the head I9, being slidably carried in an opening 28 formed through the jarring member I4. The threaded part 2|, which carries the tool II, is located below the jarring member I4. i

With the construction above described, the sections A and B are connected or related for relative longitudinal movement between an unactuated position such as is shown in Fig. 1 and an actuated Vposition such as is shown in Fig. 2. The

upper extension I8 of the'section B is related to the coupling I3 to remain within the packing 23 during operation ofdthe sections between these positions, and the lowervextension 20 of the section B is related to the'jarring member to allow free operation, as above described.

The jaws C are carried in the space between the body I2 of section A and the stem I1 of section B and are operable to form a releasable connection between the sections through the yielding means D. In the preferred arrangement there are several jaws C, say, three jaws, symmetrically disposed around the axis of the tool. The uter parts of the jaws Iare provided with projecting parts or teeth 30 adapted to iit or extend into recesses 3l in the inner wall of the body I2 when the jaws are in the out or operating holding position as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 6 of the drawings. The jaws 'are related or tted in the space.,

between the body I2 and the stem I1 so that they can move inwardly from the position just described to a retracted or inoperative position where the teeth 30 are removed from the recesses 3 I, this position being illustrated in Figs. 2, 5 and '7 of the drawings. I

In the preferred form of the invention each jaw is provided with several teeth spaced longitudinally of the jaw and the upper and lower ends 32 of the teeth areV inclined or beveled as illustrated in the` drawings. The recesses 3| are located in the inner wall of the body I2 to receive the teeth 30 when the parts.l are positioned as shown in Fig. 1. II'he upper and lower end walls 33 of the recesses are beveled to correspond to the ends 32 of the teeth. The beveling of the ends 32 and walls 33 of the teeth and recesses, respectively, causes the jaws to tend to move inwardly or toward the stem I1 from the position shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 6. when forces are applied tending to move the jaws and body relative to each other longitudinal of the tool. i

The yielding means D, through which the jaws C operate tovcontrol longitudinal movement between the -members A and B, is designed to yield under great pressures or strains to allowaI limited relative movement between the sections A and B while the jaws C remain in the out or active position with theirteeth 38 seated in the recesses 3l. In accordance with the present invention,

the means D includes a plurality of superimposed plates 34 the adjoining faces of which do not seat or t together under normal conditions such as are shown in Figs. land 3 of the drawings. In the form of the invention 'illustrated the plates are annular in their general configuration, being arranged around the stem I1v of section B to occur in the space between the stem I1 and the body I2. The adjoining faces of the plates 34 may be separatedunder normal conditions through vari- -ous manners of forming the plates; for instance,

the plates may be corrugated, crimped, or otherwise formed to act as hereindescribed. In the form of the invention illustrated, where the plates are annular in form, it is convenient to cup the plates making them slightly conical in configuration, as shown throughout the drawings. If cupped plates are arranged adjoining plates are reversed as to position, that is, one plate is arranged so that it faces up while the next adjoining plate faces down. In the case illustrated in the drawings I have arranged a flat plate between adjoining cupped plates. 'I'he plates 34 are preferably formed from heavy plates"v or sheets of material and may be tempered or otherwise treated to be sumciently resilient to allow :them to compress together. as shown in Fig. 2 when sufficient compressive strain is applied.

In accordance with my'invention I may provide a considerable number of plates 34 and arrange them so that the entire assembly or group of plates is subject to compression when the tool is operated by pulling upwardly on the section A. In the arrangement shown the plates 34 are arranged between a stop 35 provided on the stem I1- and a collar 36 which slidably iits the stem I1 and has a tubular extension 31 extending downwardly to' engage the upper ends of the jaws C. The stop 35 may be screw threaded onto thestem I1 to be in fixed position on the stem.

The means D is such as to allow a limited amount of relative movement between the sections A and B while the jaws C are in cooperative engagement with the body I2, as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 6. This relative movement allowed by the means D is utilized to cause the means E to release the jaws C from the expanded position shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 6 allowing them to collapse to the position shown in Figs. 2, 5 and 7. The plates 34 may be such as to seat tightly together in allowing for the s aid relative movement between the sections A and B.

The means E which controls the jaws C, that is, which operates to releasably hold the jaws in the expanded position, includes k'ey members 40 arranged between the adjoining vertical edges of the jaws. The keys40v are shown carried by a ring 4I slidably carried on the stem I1 and normally yieldingly urged upwardly on the stem by a spring 42 which surrounds the stem and is underA compression between the ring 4I and the shoulder 25 of the bead I9. -The upper ends of the key members 40 engage a stop 44 on the stem I1. The stop 44 shown is in -the form of a collar screw threaded on the stem I1.

The key members 40 are designed to cooperate with the jaws C to hold them apart or lin the expanded position illustrated in Figs. l, 4 and .6 and to only allow the jaws to collapse or move to the in position shown in the other figures when the means D has been compressed allowing the section A to move upwardly relative to vthe section B so that the jaws C are moved vertically-a predetermined amount relative to the key members 40. In the particular construction illustrated each key member 40 has spaced lugs in adjoining relation,

or projections 45 at its side edgesadapted to engage the vertical end edges Aof the jaws C to hold the jaws out or apart, as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 6.

The vertical end edges 46 of the jaws are provided with spaced recesses 41 designed to register with or receive the projections 45 when the jaws C have been movedv vertically with the section A to a position such as is shown in Figs. 2, 5 and '1. The meshing of the key projections 45 and recesses 41 in the jaws C allows the jaws to move inwardly under the action of the beveled parts 32 and 33 above described. This disengages the jaws from the body I2 of section A allowing the body to move freely upward under the action 0f the upward pull being applied to it to cause compression of the means D. This upward movement of the section A relative to the section B is limited or stopped by the engagement of the jarring member I4 with the shoulder 26 of the head I9. It will be obvious vthat the sudden stopping of the upward movement of section A causes a severe/jarring action on the section B.

In accordance' with the preferred form of the invention, the upper and lower ends 48 of the key projections 45 are beveled as shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 16, while the upper and lower end walls 49 of the recesses 41 are correspondingly beveled 'so that the parts mesh together, as shown in Fig. 6, when the jaws C are in the in, position. The incline or bevel of the parts 48 and 49 causes the jaws C to be expanded to the out position by the action of the spring 42 when the body I2 returns to position where the recesses 3I are opposite the teeth 30. The various faces, edges, etc., of the several parts may be shaped and iinishedA as found most practical, for example the upper and lower outer corners of the jaws C, the lower end-wa11 of the lower recess 3l etc., may be bevelled or rounded.

From the foregoing description it is believed that the operation of the device will be fully understood, it being apparent that upward pull on the body I2 when the parts are positioned as shown in Figs. l, 4, 6 and 8 causes the jaws C engaged with the body I2 through the cooperating parts or walls 32 and 33 to act on the plates 34 of the means D to compress them together. As the plates 34 compress the body I2 moves upwardly relative to the stem I1 of section B, carrying the jaws C up with it. When the vupward strain becomes suflicient, the plates Awill be compressed allowing the jaws to move relative to the key members 40- or stem I1 so that the recesses 41 register with and receive the projections 45. When the parts reach the position where thev recesses 41 and projections 45 are opposite each other, the jaws move radially inwardly from the position shown in Figs. 4l, 4, 6, and 8 to the position shown in Figs. 2, '1, 5, and 9.

When the jaws C are thuscollapsed or moved may be proportioned to allow any desired relative movement between the sections A and B section- A is released and the jarring member I4. engages the head I9. When the parts reach a position where the keys release the jaws allowing them to collapse, the means D operates to push the keys downwardly against the resistance of the spring 42. In Figs.

between the time the 2 and '1 the 'parts are shown in position just before 'z5 the means D has acted to move the keys down.

The spring 42 urges the keys upwardly so that they wedge between the jaws to spread them to' the out position when the parts are positioned with the recesses 3| opposite the teeth o f the jaws.

The body I2 of the section A is related to the jaws C so that they are held in or prevented from expanding under the action ofthe spring 42 until the body -l2 has been located relative to the section B as shown in Fig. 1. When the parts reach this position, the tendency for the spring 42 to move the jaws C up causes cooperation between the beveled parts 48 and 49 so that the jaws C move outwardly. As soon as the jaws C move outwardly or reach the expanded position, the key members 40 become positioned between the jaws C, as shown in Figs. l, 4 and 6, locking the device in position ready for the next operation.

It is desired to call particular attention to the means D which operates to yield under pressure to allow a certain amount of relative movement between the sections A and B. Ordinary or conventional forms of spring means will not serve in the means D, it being impossible to provide an ordinary spring means of suiiicient resistance in the limited space available. The plate construction which I have'provided may be designed to compress to allow the desired movement only under heavy pressure or strain such as is re.- quired on the section A to get the necessary jarring action on the section B. In practice the plates 34 may be varied in number, shape and proportion to obtain the desired movement under whatever' strain or pressure is desired. For instancejby making the plates thin, or light, they will compress together allowing movement under less strain or pressure than will -be necessary if they are made thick or heavy.

Having described only a typical preferred form of my invention, I do not wishto limit myself to the specific details set forth, but Wish to reserve to myself any changes or variations that vmay appear to those skilled in the art or fall within the scope of the following claims:

' Having described my invention, I claim:

L'A well tool of the character described including, two sections related for limited relative longitudinal movement andhaving cooperating jarring shoulders, one section being adapted to be rigidly connected to a lost part in-a well the other section being adapted to be attached to an .operating string, a yielding assembly in one of the sections, and releasable means for transmitting force vfrom one section to the other through said assembly releasable upon the assembly yielding a predetermined amount, the releasable means including an annular assembly including a plurality of cooperating jaws and keys.

2. A well tool of the character described including two sections related for limited relative longitudinal movement and having cooperating.

jarring shoulders, one vsection being adapted to be rigidly connected to .a lost part -in a well the other section being adapted to be attached to an operating string, a plurality of plates forming a compressible assembly engaging the rst men.- tioned section, and means for transmitting'force from the said other section to the first mentioned section through the plates and releasable to permitrelative movement between the sections upon the plates yielding a predetermined amount and means Afor transmitting force including an annular assembly including a plurality of cooperatlng jaws and keys.

' 3. A well tool for use in connection with a string of pipe, including, two sections connected for relative longitudinal movement, one section being adapted to be attached to the pipe to move therewith, and the other section being adapted to be attached to an object to be jarred, the sections having cooperating jarring shoulders, means releasably holding the sections against relative movement with the jarring shoulders apart, and

, a control whereby said means operates to release the sections upon a predetermined tensile strain being applied to the tool, said means including a series of jaws expansible to engage one section and said control including a shiftable member engaging the jaws and resilient means connecting said member and the other section.

4. A well tool including two sections connected for limited relative longitudinal movement and having cooperating jarring shoulders, means releasably holding the sections against relative movement with the jarring shoulders apart, and a control whereby said means operates to rclease the sections uponA a predetermined force being applied to the tool, said-means including a series ofjaws expansible to engage one section, and said control including keys arranged between the jaws to holdthem expanded, and resilient means connecting the keys and the other section.

5. A well tool including two relatively movable sections connectedfor limited relative longitudi- .nal movement and havingcooperating jarring shoulders, means releasably holding the sections against relative movement with the shoulders apart and a control whereby said means operates to releasev the sections under a predetermined force being applied to the tool tending to'operate the sections to move the shoulders together, said means includingv spaced jaws expansible to engage one section and the control .including a yieldingly supported key arranged between the jaws to hold them expanded.

6. A well tool including two sections connected for limited relative longitudinal movement and having cooperating jarring shoulders, means releasably holding the sections against relative movement with the shoulders apart, and a control whereby said means operates to release the sections under a predetermined force being applied to the tool tending to operate the sections to move the shoulders together, said means including a series of jaws expansible to engage one section and said control including a series of resilient plates acting between the jaws and the other section.

7. A well tool including two sections connected for limited relative longitudinal movement and having cooperating jarringshoulders, means releasably holding thesections against relative movement-with the shoulders apart, and a control whereby said means operates to release Athe sections upon the application of a predetermined force tending to move the sections to bring the jarring shoulders together, said means including a series of jaws expansible to engage one section and said control including keys arranged between the jaws to hold them expanded, and a series of resilient plates connecting the keys and the other section.

' MILLARD SUMTER BLACK. 

